Khoom Description
Kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ntseeg siab yog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov hlab ntsha siab, thiab muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog lawv tus kheej xaiv cov khoom siv. Txhawm rau kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov hlab ntsha siab, cov kev cai yooj yim ntawm cov hlab ntsha steel yuav tsum tau ua tiav: lub siab lub nkoj steel yuav tsum muaj lub zog siab, zoo plasticity, toughness, manufacturing kev ua tau zoo thiab kev tshaj tawm.
Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg
Peb muab kev pabcuam dav dav
carbon (C)
carbon cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv cov hlau nce, lub yield point thiab tensile zog nce, tab sis lub plasticity thiab cuam tshuam txo. Thaum cov ntsiab lus carbon ntau tshaj {{0}}.23%, qhov vuam kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov hlau tsis zoo, yog li cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau siv rau vuam feem ntau tsis tshaj 0.20% cov ntsiab lus carbon. Cov ntsiab lus carbon siab kuj tseem yuav txo qis atmospheric corrosion tsis kam ntawm cov hlau, thiab cov pa roj carbon siab hauv cov chaw qhib cua yog yooj yim rau xeb; Tsis tas li ntawd, carbon tuaj yeem ua rau kom txias brittleness thiab aging rhiab heev ntawm steel.
Cov pa roj carbon cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau rau cov hlab ntsha siab feem ntau yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 0.25%.
silicon (Si)
nyob rau hauv steelmaking txheej txheem ntxiv silicon raws li ib tug txo tus neeg sawv cev thiab deoxidizer. Yog tias cov ntsiab lus silicon ntawm cov hlau ntau tshaj 0.50-0.60%, silicon yog suav tias yog cov khoom siv alloying. Silicon tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov kev txwv elastic, qhov taw tes tawm los thiab lub zog tensile ntawm cov hlau, yog li nws tau dav siv los ua lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav steel. Thaum 1.0-1.2% silicon ntxiv rau tempered structural steel, lub zog tuaj yeem nce los ntawm 15-20%. Kev sib xyaw ntawm silicon thiab molybdenum, tungsten, chromium, thiab lwm yam, muaj cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev txhim kho corrosion thiab oxidation tsis kam, thiab tuaj yeem tsim cov hlau kub-resistant. Tsawg carbon steel uas muaj 1-4% silicon, nrog siab sib nqus permeability, siv hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob los ua silicon steel ntawv. Qhov nce ntawm silicon yuav txo qhov weldability ntawm cov hlau.
manganese (Mn)
nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm steelmaking, manganese yog ib tug zoo deoxidizer thiab desulfurizer, thiab cov hlau dav muaj {{0}} 30-0.50% manganese. Thaum ntau tshaj 0.70% ntxiv rau carbon steel, nws suav hais tias yog "manganese steel", uas tsis yog tsuas yog toughness txaus, tab sis kuj muaj zog thiab hardness ntau dua li cov hlau dav dav, txhim kho cov quenching hlau thiab txhim kho cov thermal ua haujlwm. ntawm cov hlau, xws li 16Mn steel yog 40% siab dua A3 yield point. Qhov nce ntawm manganese cov ntsiab lus tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm hlau thiab txo cov weldability.
Phosphorus (P)
Nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj xwm txheej, phosphorus yog ib qho teeb meem nyob rau hauv cov hlau, uas ua rau kom txias brittleness ntawm hlau, deteriorates lub vuam kev ua tau zoo, txo plasticity, thiab deteriorates txias dabtsi yog khoov kev ua tau zoo. Yog li, cov ntsiab lus phosphorus hauv cov hlau feem ntau yuav tsum tsawg dua 0.045%, thiab cov kev xav tau rau cov hlau zoo yog qis dua.
sulfur (S)
Sulfur kuj yog ib qho teeb meem nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj xwm txheej. Cov hlau ua kom kub brittleness, txo cov ductility thiab toughness ntawm cov hlau, thiab ua rau tawg thaum lub sij hawm forging thiab dov. Sulfur kuj tseem cuam tshuam rau vuam kev ua tau zoo, txo corrosion kuj. Yog li, cov ntsiab lus sulfur feem ntau yuav tsum tsawg dua {{0}}.055%, thiab cov hlau zoo yuav tsum tsawg dua 0.040%. Ntxiv 0.
Kev tsim kho tshiab
Piv nrog rau cov qauv hlau dav dav, lub siab lub nkoj steel muaj kev tswj nruj dua cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo xws li sulfur, phosphorus thiab hydrogen. Piv txwv li, cov sulfur thiab phosphorus cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau rau cov hlab ntsha siab yuav tsum tsawg dua {{0}} 020% thiab 0.030%, feem. Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm qib smelting, cov ntsiab lus sulfur tuaj yeem tswj tau li ntawm 0.002%.
